{"id":1390,"date":"2020-12-09T00:56:46","date_gmt":"2020-12-08T21:56:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/?p=1390"},"modified":"2020-12-09T00:57:55","modified_gmt":"2020-12-08T21:57:55","slug":"mikrobiyoloji-anabilim-dali-ve-tarihcesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/mikrobiyoloji-anabilim-dali-ve-tarihcesi\/","title":{"rendered":"Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dal\u0131 ve Tarih\u00e7esi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dal\u0131<\/strong><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Mikrobiyoloji s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc “mikros” “bios” ve “logos” kelimelerinin birle\u015fmesinden meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Yunanca’da mikros k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bios ya\u015fam logos bilim anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Mikrobiyoloji, mikroorganizma ad\u0131 verilen bir\u00e7o\u011fu ancak mikroskopta g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck canl\u0131lar\u0131 inceleyen bir bilim dal\u0131d\u0131r. Mikrobiyoloji mikroorganizmalar\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerini, y\u00fcksek canl\u0131larla ve birbirleriyle ili\u015fkilerini inceleyen bir bilim dal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Mikrobiyoloji geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 bir bilim dal\u0131 olup bir\u00e7ok dallara ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131 t\u0131bbi mikrobiyoloji toprak tar\u0131m su mikrobiyolojisi, end\u00fcstriyel mikrobiyoloji ve uzay mikrobiyoloji gibi genel alanlar yan\u0131nda genel mikrobiyoloji, bakteriyoloji, immunoloji, viroloji, parazitoloji ve mikoloji gibi her biri \u00f6zel bir grubu inceleyen dallardan olu\u015fur.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Tarih\u00e7e<\/strong><\/div>\n
Mikrobik hastal\u0131klar eski uygarl\u0131k d\u00f6nemlerinde insanlar\u0131n ilgisini \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. Eski M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar lepray\u0131 trahomu dizanteriyi Bel So\u011fuklu\u011funu, Eski \u00c7inliler \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi, Hintliler koleray\u0131 tan\u0131yorlard\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce Filistinliler vebay\u0131 ve bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n farelerle ili\u015fkili oldu\u011funu biliyorlard\u0131. Milattan \u00f6nce 460 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stank\u00f6y’de do\u011fan Hipokrat, kendi ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan eserinde bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klara yer vermi\u015ftir. Daha sonra Bergamal\u0131 Galen, s\u0131tma n\u00f6betlerinden s\u00f6z etmi\u015ftir. Zekeria el Razi (M.S.900), yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserlerinde \u00e7icek ve k\u0131zam\u0131k hastal\u0131klar\u0131ndan bahsetmi\u015f ve bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131 fermantasyona benzetmi\u015ftir. Milattan sonra 980-1038 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f \u0130bni Sina, hastal\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclemeyecek kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck baz\u0131 etkenlerin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na inanm\u0131\u015f ve korunmada temizli\u011fi esas kabul etmi\u015ftir.1546’da Venedikli hekim ve \u015fair Fracastro yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserinde hastal\u0131k etkenlerinin hasta insanlar\u0131n v\u00fccudunda \u00e7o\u011falabildi\u011fini ve sa\u011flam insanlara do\u011frudan veya hava ve e\u015fya yoluyla bula\u015fabildiklerini belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Mikrobiyoloji tarihine k\u0131saca g\u00f6z at\u0131l\u0131rsa 1665 y\u0131l\u0131nda Robert Hooke’un mikroskopla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 incelemeleri kapsayan Mikrographia adl\u0131 eseri Hollandal\u0131 bir t\u00fcccar olan Antoni van Leeuwenhoek’un 1674’de tatl\u0131 suda ya\u015fayan mikroorganizmalar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, 1680’de maya mantarlar\u0131n\u0131 ve kendi d\u0131\u015fk\u0131s\u0131nda Giardia intestinalis oldu\u011fu kabul edilen protozoonlar\u0131 belirlemesi dikkati \u00e7eker. 1798’de Jenner inek \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fini insana bula\u015ft\u0131rmak suretiyle \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruyuculuk sa\u011flayarak, immunolojinin temelini atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1820’de s\u0131tma tedavisinde kinin uygulanm\u0131\u015f, 1839’da Davies ilk defa yara dezenfeksiyonunda iyodu kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1837’de Magendie, \u00f6nceden yabanc\u0131 serum injekte edilen k\u00f6peklerin, ayn\u0131 serumun tekrar injeksiyonunda a\u011f\u0131r ve hatta \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc olabilen \u015fok ge\u00e7irdiklerini g\u00f6zlemlemi\u015f, bu olay ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k bilimindeki \u00f6nemli bir konuya, anaflaktik reaksiyonlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkati \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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1854’de kolera etkeni, 1873’de Hansen taraf\u0131ndan lepra basili bulunmu\u015ftur. 1867’de modern anlamda antisepsinin temelleri at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tarihte Lister antiseptik cerrahi \u00fczerine ilk yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Lancet dergisinde yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1879’da bel so\u011fuklu\u011fu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n etkeni olan gonokoklar, Neisser taraf\u0131ndan bulunmu\u015f ve daha sonra Neisseria gonorrhoeae olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1882’de Koch, Verem mikrobunu bulmu\u015f, Ehrlich ise verem mikrobunun boyanma y\u00f6ntemini tarif etmi\u015ftir. 1884 y\u0131l\u0131nda fagositoz olay\u0131 tarif edilmi\u015f, Gram kendi ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan Gram boyama metodunu tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015f, Pasteur taraf\u0131ndan kuduz a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 bulunmu\u015f, bir y\u0131l sonra da bu a\u015f\u0131y\u0131 insana uygulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1887 ‘de Bruce malta ate\u015finin etkenini bulmu\u015f, Petri kendi ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan ekim kutular\u0131n\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1890’da Koch t\u00fcberk\u00fclini tarif etmi\u015ftir. 1900 y\u0131l\u0131nda Landsteiner ABO kan grup sistemlerini bulmu\u015ftur. 1921 de Calmette ve Gu\u00e9rin 15 y\u0131l s\u00fcren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 neticesinde bulduklar\u0131 BCG a\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcnyaya tan\u0131tm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. 1929 Fleming penisilini bulmu\u015ftur. 1931 y\u0131l\u0131nda viruslar tavuk embriyosunda \u00fcretilmi\u015flerdir. 1940 y\u0131l\u0131nda elektron mikroskobu mikrobiyolojide kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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1941’de anne ile baba aras\u0131ndaki kan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131na neden olan Rh antikorlar\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. 1944’de Streptomisin bulunmu\u015f, 1952’de Histamin g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f, 1953 de \u00f6l\u00fc \u00e7ocuk felci a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, 1955’de canl\u0131 \u00e7ocuk felci a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. 1957’de interferon tarif edilmi\u015f, 1965’de Hepatit B virusuna ait y\u00fczeyel bir antijen olan “HBS (Hepatitis B surface) Antijeni – o zamanki ad\u0131yla Avustralya (Au) antijeni – ” bulunmu\u015ftur. 1969’da immunoglobulin G’nin yap\u0131s\u0131 tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1975’de monoklonal antikorlara ili\u015fkin teknikler geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir ve bir\u00e7ok alanda g\u00fcncelli\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. 1980’de A\u0130DS ile ilgili ilk olgular bildirilmi\u015f, t\u0131p \u00e7evreleri ile t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada bu konu y\u0131llarca s\u00fcren ve s\u00fcrece\u011fi beklenen ilgi yo\u011funlu\u011funa hedef olmu\u015ftur. Yine ayn\u0131 y\u0131lda, doku ve organ transplantasyonlar\u0131nda ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken doku uygunluk antijenleri (HLA) bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dal\u0131 Mikrobiyoloji s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc “mikros” “bios” ve “logos” kelimelerinin birle\u015fmesinden meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Yunanca’da mikros k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bios ya\u015fam logos bilim anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Mikrobiyoloji, mikroorganizma ad\u0131 verilen bir\u00e7o\u011fu ancak mikroskopta g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck canl\u0131lar\u0131 inceleyen bir bilim dal\u0131d\u0131r. Mikrobiyoloji mikroorganizmalar\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerini, y\u00fcksek canl\u0131larla ve birbirleriyle ili\u015fkilerini inceleyen bir bilim dal\u0131d\u0131r. Mikrobiyoloji geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 bir bilim dal\u0131 olup […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1391,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[]},"categories":[553],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nMikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dal\u0131 ve Tarih\u00e7esi - RAUVAS - SEO, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INFORMATION<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/mikrobiyoloji-anabilim-dali-ve-tarihcesi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dal\u0131 ve Tarih\u00e7esi - RAUVAS - SEO, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INFORMATION\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dal\u0131 Mikrobiyoloji s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc “mikros” “bios” ve “logos” kelimelerinin birle\u015fmesinden meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Yunanca’da mikros k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bios ya\u015fam logos bilim anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Mikrobiyoloji, mikroorganizma ad\u0131 verilen bir\u00e7o\u011fu ancak mikroskopta g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck canl\u0131lar\u0131 inceleyen bir bilim dal\u0131d\u0131r. Mikrobiyoloji mikroorganizmalar\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerini, y\u00fcksek canl\u0131larla ve birbirleriyle ili\u015fkilerini inceleyen bir bilim dal\u0131d\u0131r. 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Yunanca’da mikros k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bios ya\u015fam logos bilim anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Mikrobiyoloji, mikroorganizma ad\u0131 verilen bir\u00e7o\u011fu ancak mikroskopta g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck canl\u0131lar\u0131 inceleyen bir bilim dal\u0131d\u0131r. Mikrobiyoloji mikroorganizmalar\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerini, y\u00fcksek canl\u0131larla ve birbirleriyle ili\u015fkilerini inceleyen bir bilim dal\u0131d\u0131r. Mikrobiyoloji geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 bir bilim dal\u0131 olup […]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/mikrobiyoloji-anabilim-dali-ve-tarihcesi\/","og_site_name":"RAUVAS - SEO, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INFORMATION","article_published_time":"2020-12-08T21:56:46+00:00","article_modified_time":"2020-12-08T21:57:55+00:00","og_image":[{"width":300,"height":300,"url":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/382793_245095905553820_1964846963_n.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Yazan:":"RAUVAS","Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi":"4 dakika"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/","name":"RAUVAS - SEO, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INFORMATION","description":"Bili\u015fimin Adresi","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"tr"},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/mikrobiyoloji-anabilim-dali-ve-tarihcesi\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/382793_245095905553820_1964846963_n.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/382793_245095905553820_1964846963_n.jpg","width":300,"height":300},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/mikrobiyoloji-anabilim-dali-ve-tarihcesi\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/mikrobiyoloji-anabilim-dali-ve-tarihcesi\/","name":"Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dal\u0131 ve Tarih\u00e7esi - RAUVAS - SEO, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INFORMATION","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/mikrobiyoloji-anabilim-dali-ve-tarihcesi\/#primaryimage"},"datePublished":"2020-12-08T21:56:46+00:00","dateModified":"2020-12-08T21:57:55+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/85cce0d61dcdafc9f3f24c9b6ed8e112"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/mikrobiyoloji-anabilim-dali-ve-tarihcesi\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"tr","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/mikrobiyoloji-anabilim-dali-ve-tarihcesi\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/mikrobiyoloji-anabilim-dali-ve-tarihcesi\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Anasayfa","item":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dal\u0131 ve Tarih\u00e7esi"}]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/85cce0d61dcdafc9f3f24c9b6ed8e112","name":"RAUVAS","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b0cb12df7e51e147ef90d2a5998fce46?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b0cb12df7e51e147ef90d2a5998fce46?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"RAUVAS"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/rauvas.com"],"url":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/author\/rauvas\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1390"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1390"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1390\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1393,"href":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1390\/revisions\/1393"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1391"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1390"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1390"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rauvas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1390"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}